Nutritive Value of Animal feed Ingredients for animal feed formulation – Pakistan Feedstuffs Database
Pakistan Feedstuffs Database. Nutritive Value of Animal feed Ingredients for animal feed formulation. AMD published this Animal Nutrition Book. This is research based data for livestock feeding and poultry feeeding. Besides poultry feed formulation it will also be helpful for dairy ration formulation.
US-Pakistan Partnership for Agricultural Market Development (AMD) activity (2015–2019) in collaboration with the Livestock & Dairy Development Board (LDDB) prepared this database. Samples were collected from major livestock hubs across Punjab and Sindh and analyzed at the high-tech testing laboratory of the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS).
Green Fodders & Silage
Green forages serve as the foundational roughage base for Pakistani livestock, offering varying levels of protein and moisture depending on their botanical classification. These are leguminous and non leguminous fodders.
Leguminous Forages are highly palatable, nitrogen-fixing crops that provide excellent protein levels during the winter and spring months like barseem mustard etc.
Non-Leguminous Forages & Grasses are energy dense bulk roughages like maize, oat, mott grass etc.
All nutrient values are expressed as a percentage of Dry Matter (% DM) except for DM itself. Energy values are listed in Mcal/kg.
| Feedstuff | DM (%) | CP (%) | Fat (%) | NDF (%) | ADF (%) | TDN (%) | ME | NEL | DE |
|
Berseem Fodder
|
12.5 | 23.5 | 3.4 | 44.1 | 31.4 | 63.4 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 2.8 |
|
Mustard Fodder
|
11.5 | 23.0 | 2.3 | 35.8 | 25.7 | 56.8 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 2.5 |
|
Maize Fodder
|
23.3 | 8.9 | 1.7 | 59.5 | 35.0 | 61.9 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 2.7 |
|
Maize Silage
|
23.5 | 9.7 | 2.1 | 58.5 | 34.1 | 62.5 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 2.8 |
|
Oat Fodder
|
26.3 | 14.2 | 4.1 | 51.4 | 27.1 | 66.5 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
|
Sugarcane Fodder
|
23.2 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 51.1 | 30.9 | 60.5 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 2.7 |
|
Sugarcane Tops
|
26.8 | 6.4 | 1.5 | 67.1 | 37.2 | 45.8 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
|
Mott Grass
|
17.9 | 11.6 | 2.4 | 62.5 | 34.7 | 62.3 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 11.6* |
|
Rye Grass
|
13.5 | 23.3 | 3.5 | 43.5 | 26.5 | 66.8 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
Crop Residues (Dry Roughages)
Crop residues provide foundational bulk fiber. While they are low in native digestible protein, they remain structurally vital for maintaining healthy rumen function. Energy values are listed in Mcal/kg.
| Feedstuff | DM (%) | CP (%) | Fat (%) | NDF (%) | ADF (%) | TDN (%) | ME | NEL | DE |
|
Maize Cobs
|
91.5 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 80.1 | 40.6 | 58.7 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 2.6 |
|
Maize Stovers
|
92.9 | 6.2 | 1.4 | 70.2 | 40.5 | 42.5 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.9 |
|
Millet Stovers
|
93.1 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 72.2 | 43.5 | 41.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
|
Rice Husk
|
91.9 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 63.7 | 44.4 | 42.5 | 49.5* | 28.0* | 65.4* |
|
Rice Straw
|
92.8 | 5.5 | 1.7 | 66.5 | 39.6 | 59.3 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 2.6 |
|
Sorghum Stovers
|
85.5 | 6.6 | 1.3 | 68.3 | 39.0 | 48.5 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 2.1 |
|
Wheat Straw
|
91.0 | 4.8 | 1.7 | 71.8 | 43.8 | 41.5 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
Roots, Tubers, & Whole Cereal Grains
These resources serve as high-energy starch or sugar components used to rapidly boost calorie intake in finishing beef herds or high-yielding dairy cattle. Energy values are listed in Mcal/kg.
| Feedstuff | DM (%) | CP (%) | Fat (%) | NDF (%) | ADF (%) | TDN (%) | ME | NEL | DE |
|
Potato
|
20.6 | 12.3 | 0.7 | 13.3 | 6.9 | 88.3 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 3.9 |
|
Sugar Beet Pulp
|
21.0 | 10.7 | 0.6 | 38.8 | 27.7 | 66.1 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
|
Maize Grains
|
87.3 | 9.1 | 2.4 | 10.6 | 2.7 | 88.1 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 3.9 |
|
Millet Grains
|
89.6 | 9.3 | 4.2 | 11.2 | 5.0 | 86.7 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 3.8 |
|
Mamni
|
87.5 | 12.8 | 2.8 | 22.4 | 11.1 | 79.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 3.5 |
|
Wheat Grains
|
87.0 | 14.4 | 3.1 | 16.9 | 4.7 | 80.2 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 5.1 |
Cereal & Human-Industry By-Products
These agro-industrial byproducts are excellent tools for cost-effective feed formulation, safely replacing raw grains while providing rich supplies of functional protein and lipids. Energy values are listed in Mcal/kg.
| Feedstuff | DM (%) | CP (%) | Fat (%) | NDF (%) | ADF (%) | TDN (%) | ME | NEL | DE |
|
Bakery Waste
|
91.0 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 1.8 | 90.2 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 4.0 |
|
De-Oiled Rice Polish
|
91.6 | 16.1 | 5.0 | 14.1 | 3.6 | 88.2 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 3.9 |
|
Maize Bran
|
89.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 40.5 | 17.0 | 73.1 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 3.2 |
|
Maize Gluten Meal 60%
|
90.0 | 59.7 | 2.6 | 18.0 | 9.2 | 78.1 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 3.4 |
|
Maize Gluten Meal 30%
|
88.3 | 29.0 | 7.3 | 3.3 | 30.6 | 9.4 | 77.7 | 2.8 | 1.8 |
|
Maize Oil Cake
|
93.0 | 19.3 | 7.6 | 43.8 | 13.4 | 58.0 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 2.6 |
|
Rice Polish
|
90.2 | 15.9 | 12.5 | 24.7 | 14.1 | 76.4 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 3.4 |
|
Re-Rice Polish
|
90.0 | 16.2 | 10.2 | 5.6 | 2.4 | 89.5 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 3.9 |
|
Vermicelles
|
91.0 | 12.2 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 1.7 | 90.3 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 4.0 |
|
Wheat Bran
|
87.0 | 15.9 | 3.9 | 39.8 | 12.6 | 78.1 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 3.4 |
Legume Seeds, Hulls, & Oilseed Meals
These ingredients are vital protein sources for livestock feeds. Combining legume byproducts with mechanical oilseed cakes ensures balanced amino acid profiles. Energy values are listed in Mcal/kg.
Nutritional Profile Table: Legumes & Oilseed Fractions
| Feedstuff | DM (%) | CP (%) | Fat (%) | NDF (%) | ADF (%) | TDN (%) | ME | NEL | DE |
|
Black Pea Seeds
|
86.5 | 19.3 | 4.1 | 24.9 | 12.6 | 78.1 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 3.4 |
|
Black Pea Hulls
|
89.0 | 15.3 | 3.1 | 33.0 | 24.2 | 65.1 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
|
Guar Meal
|
93.0 | 5.2 | 2.2 | 56.8 | 47.4 | 54.8 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.4 |
|
Channa Karra
|
95.0 | 40.4 | 3.6 | 26.8 | 16.3 | 74.0 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 3.3 |
|
Mung Karra
|
87.9 | 17.5 | 2.9 | 28.6 | 19.8 | 70.0 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 3.1 |
|
Massar Karra
|
88.6 | 16.8 | 2.3 | 31.6 | 24.5 | 64.8 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
|
Soybone Hulls
|
89.1 | 11.6 | 1.9 | 61.4 | 44.1 | 42.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.9 |
|
Pea Seeds
|
86.5 | 23.6 | 3.0 | 15.5 | 10.0 | 81.0 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.6 |
|
Canola Meal
|
88.8 | 39.6 | 2.2 | 31.2 | 19.7 | 48.0 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 2.1 |
|
Cotton Seed Cake
|
92.2 | 23.8 | 7.1 | 43.2 | 32.8 | 55.4 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.4 |
|
Flaxseed Cake
|
90.6 | 35.7 | 5.2 | 19.7 | 10.7 | 80.2 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 3.5 |
|
Palm Kernel Cake
|
91.2 | 17.8 | 8.7 | 57.0 | 37.6 | 50.1 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 2.2 |
|
Rapeseed Cake
|
89.9 | 34.3 | 23.2 | 37.7 | 34.3 | 5.6* | 23.2* | 2.6* | 23.2* |
|
Soybean Meal
|
87.9 | 48.0 | 1.9 | 16.6 | 7.0 | 84.3 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 3.7 |
|
Sunflower Meal
|
89.0 | 32.5 | 2.0 | 43.8 | 30.2 | 58.4 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 2.6 |
Horticultural Fruit By-Products
These underutilized non-conventional energy resources help lower feed costs while maintaining animal performance. Energy values are listed in Mcal/kg.
| Feedstuff | DM (%) | CP (%) | Fat (%) | NDF (%) | ADF (%) | TDN (%) | ME | NEL | DE |
|
Apple Pomace
|
20.8 | 8.7 | 1.9 | 53.5 | 42.8 | 57.4 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 2.5 |
|
Citrus Peel/Pulp
|
23.0 | 10.3 | 3.1 | 28.1 | 20.6 | 70.3 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 3.1 |
|
Dry Dates
|
84.0 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 27.4 | 20.1 | 69.7 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 3.1 |
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