پوسٹ پارٹم ویٹرنری ریپروڈکٹو مینجمنٹ ٹولز
Postpartum veterinary reproductive management in dairy cattle. Success of dairy farming is based on in time detection of heat and insemination for regular breeding cycle. Synchronized breeding with CIDR is the important part. Early pregnancy diagnosis is the basic requirement for optimized herd cycle. Rectal palpation in cow is the most commonly used method but ultrasonography is the advance technique.
آرٹیفشل انٹیلی جنس کا آرٹیفشل انسیمی نیشن میں استعمال، خصوصی مضمون
کارپوریٹ ڈیری فارمنگ میں ریپروڈکٹو مینجمنٹ کے موضوع پر سیشن کا انعقاد
Synchronized breeding is a central component of successful dairy production. Similar to synchronization, resynchronization can be an effective reproductive management tool for achieving optimal conception rates. Early pregnancy diagnosis is equally important because non-pregnant animals can be identified quickly and either resynchronized or culled according to farm policy.
Methods of Early Pregnancy Diagnosis
Two basic direct early pregnancy diagnosis methods, rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasonography are of fundamental importance. During rectal palpation, pregnancy can be diagnosed around day 35th post TAI by only a skilled person.
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Although rectal palpation is widely used simplest and economical method, it may cause pregnancy termination if performed by inexperienced person. Ultrasonography is a valuable method which not only used for early pregnancy diagnosis, but also fetal viability and fetal sex as well.
This method is cost effective; skill oriented and needs high degree equipment maintenance. In this scenario, there is still continues field demand and industry thirst for an early, precise and non invasive early pregnancy diagnosis method.
Acceptable method must have a high negative predictive value, economical, involved less technicalities. Progesterone profile, in a specific time frame, is another method with its own merits and constraints. Pregnancy associated glycoproteins are other reliable early pregnancy diagnosis markers in ruminants detectable after the third week of breeding in cattle in both milk and blood.
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Importance of Reproductive Management in Dairy Cattle
To cope with ever increasing milk demand, import of best dairy breed, Holstein-Frisian, has resulted in the augment of milk production. To keep its production at an optimal level, improved reproductive management is of key importance. Despite better understandings pregnancy rate (PR) in postpartum dairy cattle is declining worldwide.
As already described, other problem in dairy industry is early pregnancy diagnosis to determine the non-pregnant cows. To address these problems of dairy sector, various FTAI protocols and newly emerging noninvasive pregnancy diagnosis tests (Pregnancy associated glycoproteins; PAGs) were evaluated as reproductive management tools.
Research Project and Collaborating Institutions
This project was funded by Higher Education Commission, Islamabad and executed in Pakistan (University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore), USA (University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA) and Turkey (Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology Uludag University, Bursa).
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It was hypothesized that the introduction of CIDR insert in Ovsynch protocol for FTAI would enhance the wave synchrony and ultimately pregnancy rate as compared to standard Ovsynch protocol.
Evaluation of Follicles and Pregnancy Diagnosis
Size of pre-ovulatory follicles before AI was also measured through US and progesterone profiles on d30 and d60 post AI. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography on day 30, 60 and 90 post FTAI.
Higher pregnancy rate was achieved in estrus synchronization protocols where supplementation of progesterone was done by CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release) inserts. On the basis of results of this experiment, it is concluded that the modified Ovsynch protocol can be used as a postpartum reproductive management tool for optimal pregnancy rate.
Results of current study have shown an advantage of progesterone supplementation as a part of the Ovsynch protocol in cyclic animals either for 5 or 7 days as compared to standard Ovsynch protocol.
Second Experiment: CIDR-EB and RESYNCH Protocols
The main objectives of the second study were to examine the effect of standard CIDR-EB protocol in terms of PR and pregnancy loss in postpartum dairy cows and to investigate the CIDR insertion on RESYNCH protocol for insemination of open lactating cows on d33 post AI without any delay for resynchronization purpose and to compare progesterone concentrations before and after CIDR insertion as well as luteal tissue cross-sectional area in CONTROL and RESYNCH groups.
This experiment was executed on two different geographical locations both as CONTROL and RESYNCH. The pregnancy rate was non-significant in CONTROL and RESYNCH groups while overall pregnancy rate in RESYNCH group was higher in RESYNCH and low in CONTROL group. On the basis of results, in second experiment, standard CIDR-EB based synchronization protocol is a practicable estrus synchronization protocol for postpartum dairy cows which has resulted in similar fertility rate at different geographical locations.
RESYNCH is, at the same time, also a viable protocol for early re-breeding in open cows after early pregnancy diagnosis to reduce the days open in lactating dairy cows.
Third Experiment: Modified Ovsynch and PAGs Evaluation
The main objectives of third experiment were:
- To compare modified Ovsynch protocol with standard Ovsynch protocols separately in postpartum Holstein cows.
- To determine the pregnancy status by PAGs (milk, plasma), plasma progesterone and ultrasonography as pregnancy diagnosis tools.
- To evaluate the effect of different factors like parity, progesterone, fetal sex and sire effect on circulating PAGs in both milk and plasma.
It was hypothesized that modified Ovsynch protocol, with two prostaglandins, will improve pregnancy rate and PAGs based early pregnancy diagnosis would be an alternate early pregnancy marker.
Results and Conclusions
In conclusion, although non-significant, increase in pregnancy rate in modified Ovsynch makes it a protocol of choice in postpartum cows and PAGs, a viable and non-invasive method, as early pregnancy diagnosis tool either in milk or plasma is as feasible as ultrasonography provided that exact corresponding breeding date is available.
The common objective of the present study was to compare various fixed time AI based estrous synchronization protocols in terms of pregnancy rate with secondary objective of experiment 3 to evaluate PAGs as early pregnancy diagnosis method in postpartum dairy cows as reproductive management tool and on the basis of pregnancy rate, it can be concluded that CIDR based modified Ovsynch and CIDR-EB based RESYNCH protocols are viable methods of postpartum reproductive management for early pregnancy establishment and PAGs are useful pregnancy markers for early pregnancy diagnosis.
دی نیوز
پوسٹ پارٹم ویٹرنری ریپروڈکٹو مینجمنٹ ٹولز
